Largest companies 2008 vs. 2018, a lot has changed

What a fascinating time to be an investor! The world is changing at a phenomenal pace and nothing illustrates this better than looking at changes in rankings of the world’s largest companies. Mind you this is not a global trend, but region specific. Let me tell you more.

Stating the obvious, you will not be surprised it is the technology sector that is the key catalyst for change in the world. Technology companies not only dominate our daily lives (how many times have you checked your iPhone today?) but also the ranking of world’s biggest companies. More on that in a moment.

Who do you think the smartest graduates want to work for these days? It’s not the investment banks anymore but the T shirt, sneaker wearing, fast moving internet giants like Amazon, Google and Facebook. These technology giants are achieving world domination by investing heavily in developing new products and services leading to an explosion in innovation and faster growth. As these companies become more dominant, they are disrupting established companies. Think of the impact of Amazon on the retail sector.

These large technology companies which benefit from globalisation, are accessing new markets. Any promising small company that could compete is quickly gobbled up by its larger rival. For example, Facebook acquired upcoming threats WhatsApp and Instagram, while Google has made more than 120 acquisitions in the last 10 years ⁽¹⁾.

Now back to company rankings. The US is where we are seeing more rapid changes in its biggest companies than any other region. The table below shows the top 10 US companies ten years ago versus today, ranked by market value (market capitalisation) in US dollars.

Exxon the oil giant was the biggest company in 2008 with a market value of US$492 billion. Interesting to note that Apple, now the world’s largest company, was only the 15th largest in the US in 2008. Amazon the current market darling, was only the 82nd biggest company with a market value of US$36.5 billion.

Fast forward ten years to 2018 and the change in ranking of the top 10 companies in the US is quite dramatic. Apple is now the largest company in the US, and the world, with a market cap of US$890 billion (about 5.5 times New Zealand’s 2016 GDP). Look at the dominance of technology companies! Now the five biggest companies in the US. If you had held Amazon shares for the last ten years, you are a “lucky individual” as your investment has gone up in value by an astonishing 12 times. Can you believe Facebook was only founded in 2004 and is already the 5th largest company in the US?

Okay, what about closer to home, are we seeing technology companies dominating the top ten in Australia and New Zealand as well?

Clearly not when we look at the table above. It appears like Groundhog Day in Australia, as the top 10 group today is very similar to how it looked ten years ago. With the big banks still dominating and BHP Billiton remaining the largest company. Many of these companies are dinosaurs in that they were created in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. So where are all the tech giants in Australia? Some argue the fact that Australia has not had a recession in 26 years (the lucky country) has led to complacency with less focus on innovation that we see in the US and China. Perhaps a little too cocky you could say? In fact, one of Australia’s most promising technology companies, Atlassian, chose to list in the US instead of Australia.

Looking at the top 10 largest companies in New Zealand, you could argue Kiwis are more innovative than their Australian cousins.

Xero, the accounting software company made it into our top 10 in a relatively short period of time, only founded in 2006. I guess the Australians will be claiming Xero shortly as one of theirs.  And what about A2 milk, they have literally been “milking it” and potentially could be our biggest company one day.

What are the biggest companies globally?

Ten years ago, when oil was over 100 dollars a barrel, oil companies dominated the top ten lists. Has anyone heard of PetroChina? Well the Chinese oil giant was the largest company in the world in 2008 with a market value of $728 billion. Would you believe at one stage PetroChina was the first company to cross the $1 trillion-dollar mark in market value. The world couldn’t get enough of the black gold in 2008. Five of the top 10 companies in the world were oil companies. Given the electric vehicle revolution, I have doubts oil companies will ever dominate the top 10 again.

Remember when I was talking about technology dominance? Well 7 of the top 10 companies in the world are now technology companies. Another interesting development is the rise of Chinese Technology companies. Tencent (Chinese Facebook equivalent) and Alibaba (Chinese Amazon equivalent), are now the 6th and 8th biggest companies in the world respectively (see table below).

China, once seen as a fast follower copying ideas, is now becoming a key competitor to US dominance, with the Chinese Government providing strong policy support for new technological innovation. Could Indian technology companies be next?

So why do the Chinese and US tech giants dominate the global rankings?

I think it really comes down to their culture of innovation. These companies create a culture that encourages taking risks and trying new things. It also helps that they attract the greatest minds globally.

Nothing highlights this better than quotes from China’s and America’s greatest entrepreneurs. Jack Ma of Alibaba stated “If you don’t do it, nothing is possible. If you do it, at least, you have the hope that there’s a chance”. Thomas Edison the inventor of light bulbs had many setbacks along the way. To quote him “I have not failed, I have just found 10,000 ways that will not work” a similar mentality applies to today’s great US innovators. Take Amazon CEO, Jeff Bezos, who believes “failed experiments are the necessary evil to create success” and “9 times out of 10 you are going to fail but every once in a while, you will hit a home run that in business terms is more like 1,000 runs”.

Who knows what the next ten years will bring but in this fast-changing world if you snooze you lose.